The United States Is A Multicultural Country - 957 Words

The United States is a multicultural country, because it has unique history background. It contains different races, religions, and cultures. Although USA is a comprehensive country that not has official race, language, and religions, too many different races or cultures in the one society will occur more conflicts, and the people will be more sensitive about racial topic. The prejudice is in people’s subconscious, more and more conflicts are existing in civil society, even the law is equal. For instance, the large groups faced racism such as native Americans (Indians), African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latin Americans; the small groups such as Arab American, Jews, and Gypsies. Thus, I think Americans are becoming less equal. First of all, the African-Americans are an important race in the United States. It had 34,658,190 blacks (12.3 percent of the total U.S. population), according to the 2000 census (â€Å"African-Americans†, 2015, 1p. 1). The black people’s characteristic is intensely to struggle civil rights, economic equity, and political self-determination. As we know, the great majority are descendants of Africans brought to the New World as slaves. At that time, the unequal treatment was happened that white slaveholders attempted to suppress African culture for controlling easily these slaves (â€Å"African-Americans†, 2015, 1p. 1). Because the European American was master, the African American was slave, this historic factor led to American society has racialShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education : A Truly Multicultural Mosaic1259 Words   |  6 PagesMulticultural education incorporates the idea that all students- regardless of their gender, social class, and ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics- should have an equal opportunity to learn in school, (Banks Banks, 2010, p. 3.) For centuries our country, the United States of America, has been known as the â€Å"melting pot† in a sense that our world was moving towards multiculturalism. Some see the old metaphor, the â€Å"melting pot† fading away within the last decade and has grown into a new term(s)Read MoreShould America Adopt A New Perspective?1137 Words   |  5 PagesShould America Adopt a New Perspective There are dangers and advantages to America adopting a multicultural perspective. Adopting the multicultural perspective would affect the characteristics of social groups, organizations, social stratification, and the current class system in the United States (Moffitt). I believe that there are more dangers than advantages to adopting a new multicultural perspective in America. There are many different characteristics that go into the different cultures whichRead MoreImplementing Multicultural Education Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of multicultural education. One argument against multicultural education is the fear that the lack of a clear definition will essentially confuse teachers which will affect the classroom. Professor Ryan, a professor of education at Lasalle University states that â€Å"the term multicultural education is a slogan. It means different things to different people, and it assumes different purposes in different contexts† (Webster 14). His argum ent is that to minority students multicultural educationRead MoreMulticultural Psychology Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Psychology Paper Multicultural Psychology Paper Multicultural psychology is the systematic study of all aspects of human behavior as it occurs in settings where people of different cultural backgrounds encounter each other. Multiculturalism has been considered a fourth force in the field of psychology, supplementing behaviorism, psychodynamic theories, and humanistic psychology. It explores such topics as differences in worldviews and in means of communication; the acculturationRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Supervision And Staff Development1750 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Introduction: Multicultural according to dictionary.com â€Å"representing several different cultures or cultural elements.† Multiculturalism is vital in the social work profession and especially in supervision because everyone involved (supervisor, supervisee, and client) cultural backgrounds and assumptions are taken into account. Creating a space for multicultural supervision allows for everyone to learn from each other. Multicultural supervision is important in today’s socialRead MoreEducating Through A Multicultural Perspective Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesThrough a Multicultural Perspective What the Research Says? Defining Multicultural Education The United States serves as a culturally rich country who opens its arms to individuals from many different ethnicities, backgrounds, and life experiences. It seeks to be the melting pot of a blended group of people, providing opportunity and equity for all. Consequently, our educational system is the cornerstone for providing equal opportunity for all persons. Therefore, as the United States continues toRead MoreCanada And The United States874 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent countries. The two with the most relations is Canada and The United States. With having expansive lands both share a very long border. By all accounts both have rich a history with each other and are very similar life style. When a Canadian or an American travels around the world they will get mistaken for the other. But that’s when the not real a good representation of for both countries. Even thou very similar in nature, Canada and The United States have part that make both countries veryRead MoreWhat K ind Of Cultural Curriculum Should Be Taught997 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor, with each side using examples and creditable sources to support their views. Position 1 stresses the importance of the multicultural education because of the drastic increase of immigrants in our schools in order to persuade you to see its point of view. According to the authors Nelson, Palonsky and McCarthy (2013) when they say â€Å"the population of the United States is expected to rise from 390 million in 2010 to 438 million by 2050, and most of the increase will come from new immigrants andRead MoreMulticulturalism Problems1353 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing people to have more experience and learn from different cultures. It opens the minds of citizens all around the world who cannot travel and improve the way we think about others. Countries around the world has helped us in many ways by giving us their ideas and making our own ideas out of it. Multicultural societies have increased all around the world giving teaching everyone what it is like in different areas of the world. Asians roughly double their population share, from 3 to 6%, whileRead MoreTh e Benefits of a Multicultural America1460 Words   |  6 Pages GEN. 220 February 27, 2014 The benefits of a Multicultural America In America, people are born and raised to believe that this country was founded on human rights such as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. In reality these rights were not always accessible for minorities in United States. Minorities in America have had to overcome obstacles including being treated as second class citizens. Multiculturalism has existed throughout the history of America. People have migrated

Laura Mulveys Citizen Kane A Feminist Film Perspective

Renowned feminist film theorist, Laura Mulvey, explores how classic Hollywood cinema is shown through a masculine perspective that fetishisizes women as objects of desire. This perspective is also known as the â€Å"male gaze†, which creates a voyeuristic and scopophilic layer to the viewing of film. According to Mulvey, â€Å"in their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness.† One of the staples of classic Hollywood cinema is women consistently being put or made into a visually erotic role for both the male characters on screen, and the audience. This staple is of course found in the†¦show more content†¦While it is more than fair to say that women in classic Hollywood cinema are automatically associated with â€Å"to-be-looked-at-ness†, the question that then arises, since Mulvey chose to use à ¢â‚¬Å"connote†, is what the consequence is which the â€Å"to-be-looked-at-ness† is coming from. If the consequence is the simple fact that they are women, then by that logic, a woman’s mere existence causes her own fetishization. Except that considering in the case of cinema and film it is a visual fetish, it does not make sense to say a woman being a woman is the source of her own fetishization since she is not watching or looking at herself. Rather, the looking is done onto her. In regards to connote’s second definition, women are not communicating or conveying â€Å"to-be-looked-at-ness† because that would imply they had a choice to indicate something else. The interaction between a woman and the camera is extremely one-sided. The camera watches the woman, and this watching is then transferred to the audience when they view the film on a screen. Again, the the act of looking is being done onto the woman. It seems to me, that women in classic Hol lywood cinema do not â€Å"connote to-be-looked-at-ness†, as Mulvey claims, but are instead subjugated to â€Å"to-be-looked-at-ness† by the male perspective responsible for the looking. This male perspective is prominent in a

Retirement Plan Proposal and Communication Plan free essay sample

This paper will propose several types of retirement plans that could be offered to employees. In addition, a communication plan will be designed to encourage employee participation for one of the proposed retirement plans. Retirement Plans. Employer-sponsored retirement plans provide employees with income after they have met a minimum retirement age and have left the company (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Companies establish retirement or pension plans following one of three different designs: a defined benefit plan, a defined contribution plan, or hybrid plans that combine features of traditional defined benefit and defined contribution plans (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). The importance of employer-provided retirement plans is evidenced by a recent study showing that employees with employer-provided retirement plans are more likely to have sufficient savings for a comfortable retirement than those who do not have these plans (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Two basic types of pension plans that will be offered are: defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Defined benefit plan. Defined benefit plans guarantee retirement benefits specified in the retirement plan document. This benefit usually is expressed in terms of a monthly sum equal to a percentage of a participant’s preretirement pay multiplied by the number of years he or she has worked for the employer (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Defined contribution plans require that employers and employees make annual contributions to separate retirement fund accounts established for each participating employee, based on a formula contained in the plan document (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Defined benefit plans are quite costly to employers compared with defined contribution plans: Companies struggle to fund these plans adequately to ensure that retirees receive entitled benefits for the remainder of their lives (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Defined contribution plans. Under defined contribution plans, employers and employees make annual contributions to separate accounts established for each participating employee, based on a formula contained in the plan document (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Formulas typically call for employers to contribute a given percentage of each participant’s compensation annually (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Employers invest these funds on behalf of the employee, choosing from a variety of investment vehicles such as company stocks, diversified stock market funds, or federal government bond funds. Employees may be given a choice of investment vehicles based on the guidelines established by the employer (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Defined contribution plans specify rules for the amount of annual contributions. Unlike defined benefit plans, these plans do not guarantee particular benefit amounts (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Participants bear the risk of possible investment gain or loss. Benefit amounts depend upon several factors, including the contribution amounts, the performance of investments, and forfeitures transferred to participant accounts (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Companies may choose to offer one or more specific type of defined contribution plans (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Common examples of defined contribution plans include profit-sharing plans, stock bonus plans, and employee stock ownership plans (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). There are three popular forms of defined contribution plans. A 401(k) plan, so named for the section of the Internal Revenue Code describing the requirements, is a savings plan in which employees are allowed to defer income up to a $12,000 maximum (which increases by $1,000 a year from 2003 to 2006, with amounts indexed for inflation thereafter) (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Employers typically match employee savings at a rate of 50 cents on the dollar. Defined contribution plans are more popular than defined benefit plans in both small and large companies (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Historically these plans are faster to vest (the companies matched share of the contribution permanently shifts over to employee ownership, and they are more portable—job hopping employees can take their pension accruals along to the next job) (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). The second type of plan is an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). In a basic ESOP a company makes a tax-deductible contribution of stock shares or cash to a trust (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). The trust then allocates company stock (or stock bought with cash contributions) to participating employee accounts (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). The amount allocated is based on employee earnings (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). When an ESOP is used as a pension vehicle (as opposed to an incentive program), the employees receive cash at retirement based upon the stock value at that time (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). ESOPs have one major disadvantage, which limits their utility for pension accumulations (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). A third type of plan is a hybrid of defined benefit and defined contribution plans that have emerged in recent years. Cash balance plans are defined benefit plans that look like a defined contribution plan. Employees have a hypothetical account (like a 401[k]) into which is deposited what is typically a percentage of annual compensation (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). The dollar amount grows both from contributions by the employer and from some predetermined interest rate (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Because the Internal Revenue Service isn’t convinced conversions fairly impact older workers, many companies are reluctant to adopt this platform (Milkovich and Newman, 2008). Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. Organizations are responsible for fulfilling certain regulations established by the government. ERISA was established to regulate the implementation of various employee benefits programs, including medical, life, and disability programs, as well as retirement and pension programs (Martocchio, 2009). The essence of ERISA is protection of employee benefits rights (Martocchio, 2009). ERISA addresses matters of employers’ reporting and disclosure duties, funding of benefits, the fiduciary responsibilities for these plans, and vesting rights (Martocchio, 2009). Companies must provide their employees with straightforward descriptions of their employee benefit plans, updates when substantive changes to the plan are implemented, annual synopses on the financing and operation of the plans, and advance notification if the company intends to terminate the benefits plan Martocchio, 2009). The funding requirement mandates that companies meet strict guidelines to ensure having sufficient funds when employees reach retirement (Martocchio, 2009). The protective laws under ERISA only apply to private employers (non-government) that offer employer-sponsored health insurance coverage and other benefit plans to employees (Wolfe, 2013). ERISA does not require employers to offer plans; it only sets rules for benefits that an employer chooses to offer (Wolfe, 2013). ERISA laws do not apply to privately purchased, individual insurance policies or benefits (Wolfe, 2013). Communication plan. Critical to the success of any employee retirement plan is communication, buy-in, and ongoing education (Lyceum, 2013). A plan only works if employees actually participate and experience the value (Lyceum, 2013). A solid communication plan can go a long way toward increasing employee participation and satisfaction with plans that are specifically designed to serve their needs (Lyceum, 2013). Target audience. The targeted audience of the communication plan is the organizations’ 150 employees. Objectives and goals. The objective of the communication plan is to communicate information on retirement plans available, encourage employee participation for one of the proposed retirement plans, and to overcome resistance to participation. Method of communication. There are various types of communication the organization can us to address the different of plans and the plan perceived value to employees (Watson, 2010). Higher plan importance and satisfaction are associated with specific types of communication (Watson, 2010). The organization can use interactive modeling tools, financial planning seminars and web site conferences to provide the biggest boost to a plans importance and satisfaction (Watson, 2010). Holding group meetings once a month, providing one-on-one meetings between independent investment advisers and employees held quarterly and using e-mail periodically can be effective in increasing employees encouragement in participation and appreciation of their plans (Watson, 2010). By conducting scheduled face to face meetings, written communication, and one on one meeting with employees are effective ways to reduce or diminish employee participation in the retirement plans made available to them. Employee enrollment. There are a variety of ways to get employees to enroll into a retirement plan that fits their needs. The most effective method is through automatic enrollment; automatic enrollment has been proven to increase employee participation in retirement plans. Other methods to encourage employee enrollment are through online enrollment programs and through enrollment meetings where employees meet with financial counselors to discuss the different types of plans. In conclusion, retirement plans are expensive, but if employees dont fully understand or appreciate their plans, employers are not getting the most from their investment in terms of attraction and retention (Watson, 2010). Many employers overlook the potential value added by employees understanding and appreciation of their retirement plans (Watson, 2010). Defined benefit and defined contribution plans that are highly valued by employees can serve as very effective human resource management tools (Watson, 2010). Effective communication about a companys retirement plan also makes an enormous difference in the plans perceived value (Watson, 2010). References Lightbulb Financial. (2013). Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans. Retrieved from http://lightbulbfinancial. com/employer-sponsored-retirement-plans/ Lyceum (2013). Employee Retirement Plan Education Communication. Retrieved from http://financial. lyceum. com/services/employee-retirement-plan-education. hp Martocchio, J. J. (2009). Strategic compensation: A human resource management approach (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Milkovich, G. T. Newman, J. M. (2008). Compensation (9th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill Watson, T. (2010). Increasing Employees Appreciation of Their Retirement Programs. Retrieved from http://www. watsonwyatt. com/us/pubs/insider/showarticle. asp? ArticleID=14860 Wolfe, L. (2013). ERISA Law What is ERISA and What Does ERISA Law Cover? Retrieved from http://womeninbusiness. about. com/od/erisalaw/a/erisa-basics. htm

Evidence Based Practice Professional Competencies

Questions: 1. Comparing the health care concerns of San Francisco population to the rest of the general population in the United States.2. Describing epidemiological concepts, data analysis methods, tools and databases used in research studies related to health concerns for a vulnerable population.3. Explaining the factors that affect health promotion and disease prevention for vulnerable population.4. Health care initiatives used in organizations to address cardiovascular diseases vulnerability in Black/African American population.5. Recommending evidence-based health care initiatives for specific healthcare concerns of vulnerable population. Answers: Introduction The development of research skills, professional competencies, evidence-based nursing practice and effective communication skill is a compulsory requirement of contemporary nursing practice. These qualities help a nursing professional to provide evidence-based care to vulnerable. Therefore, evidence-based research practice is performed in the following assessment to execute these skills in the profession. As a nursing team representative, learner works to determine the healthcare concerns of San Francisco population identified from previous research work. This review study, analysis maximum possible research sources to perform evidence-based practice. The vulnerable population identified as per San Francisco epidemiology statistics are elderly American-African having a major health concern of cardiovascular diseases in San Francisco region that majorly affects their quality of life. 1. Boutaugh et al. (2014) from these key findings of CHSA, author detected that Black/African American are the most vulnerable ethnic group in San Francisco where infant mortality (5%), homicide death (2%), premature mortality (10%) and cardiovascular attacks (35%) are very high in this group compared to other ethnic groups in San Francisco. However, among the general population of Unites States, the Black/African American are considered most suffered ethnic group in terms of health concerns. But, 39% of African Americans population in San Francisco remain vulnerable to health defects like stroke, asthma, diabetes and heart failure. However, only 15% of total African Americans in the United States remain vulnerable to health defects. More than 50% overall vulnerable Black/African Americans of Unites States reside in San Francisco out of which 20% deaths are due to cardiovascular attacks and diseases in this vulnerable population. The research of Braveman et al. (2010) as per quantitative survey on American-Africans population analysis indicated that more than 70% of older adults, 30% minority, 43% immigrants and 67% low-income population in San Francisco have limited health literacy making them part of the vulnerable population. The rate of health vulnerability in these four groups of San Francisco remains very high when compared to the general population of United States. This research was performed using 150 indicators over 10 board categories of population health analysis. The quantitative survey technique was employed from 2009 to 2010. Further, National Center for Health Statistics (2015) surveyed among 100,000 populations by race/ethnicity in 2004-2007 that Black African/American persist highest death rate in San Francisco in comparison to the overall United States. The annual rate of Black population injuries and death in San Francisco is 1,239 from overall 100,000 residents. 2. In the research of Boutaugh et al. (2014), a complete literature study was performed using the databases from The San Francisco Department of Public Health CHSA project. This research was particular based on data analysis of the Community Health Status Assessment (CHSA) project where secondary data from local, state and national sources was collected to establish key finding regarding San Francisco health status. Braveman et al. (2010) used the toll of quantitative research and performed statistical data analysis based on 150 indicators to determine the healthcare impact on the target population. However, limited sample size remains a fault in this research (Community Health Status Assessment: City and County of San Francisco, 2016). Further, National Center for Health Statistics (2015) survey used quantitative data collection method for survey tool to detect the annual rate of injuries and mortality in San Francisco. The research tool used in this survey was the Annual rate calculated as per SWITRS data from applied geographic locations. 3. There are social, economic, personal and financial factors that affect the overall health promotion and disease prevention rate of the healthcare system. This section determined these factors that negatively affects the health promotion and disease prevention in the above-detected vulnerable population that are Black/American Africans mostly vulnerable to the cardiovascular health condition. According to Boutaugh et al. (2014), studies on the factors related to the highest cardiovascular death rate of Blacks/African Americans in San Francisco clearly indicates that high poverty, lower education and more single-headed households are factors for this condition of vulnerable Blacks/Africans in San Francisco. These factors restrict the disease prevention for the vulnerable population. Further, Braveman et al. (2010) studied that 24% of immigrants adults are not able to speak English leading to higher risk of poor health outcomes as well as the limited approach to healthcare facilities. The minority population face the issue of limited cultural competence in the health care system leading to negative impact on patient experience and health deliveries in San Francisco. According to National Center for Health Statistics (2015) studies the cultural beliefs of traditional Africans like consuming their traditional food in American climate, not accepting contemporary treatment processes and dependency on alternative medication are some of the factors that contribute to cardiovascular dysfunctionality being major cause of 50% cardiovascular attacks in this vulnerable population (Perez Luquis, 2014). The diseases leading to mortality like stroke, ischemic heart disease, pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD etc. is present more in older population compared to younger adults. Therefore, increased age is another factor that affects disease prevention for the vulnerable population. The treatment options for these critical diseases or conditions are not workable in higher ages of life (Community Health Status Assessment: City and County of San Francisco, 2016). 4. The vulnerable population of Black/American African basically confront cardiovascular attacks and diseases as their major health concern leading to harnessed quality of life. To address this issue in vulnerable population various initiatives are followed by different organizations in San Francisco. One initiative was provided by Braveman et al. (2010) involves Improve physical activity and healthy eating program to let the vulnerable community understand the importance of healthy eating habits and active quality life leading to lower access to healthcare. This, in turn, will help to improve their on-going fatal conditions. This health initiative cannot prevent the vulnerability conditions like cardiovascular attacks but can surely increase the life expectancy, control their cultural barriers and improve the quality of life. Another initiative taken by one organization as per instruction of City and County of San Francisco is to provide separate support care providers for Black/American Africans in their organization. This initiative helped to improve the health promotion activities for this specific group. It also helped vulnerable people to trust the healthcare process in San Francisco (Perez Luquis, 2014). Gostin, Lucey Phelan (2014) studied about the initiative of Awareness program implemented in one of the private hospitals of San Francisco. This awareness program was for minority and ethnical groups that persist very less health literacy. Therefore, this awareness program provided health literacy regarding major health issues like heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular defects. 5. As per learners viewpoint, the implementation of health awareness program regarding cardiovascular diseases would work as an effective recommendation to control the hazards of cardiovascular attacks as well as improve the quality of life. This initiative will help to control factors like lacking health literacy, cultural barriers and lack of approach to healthcare facilities that are contributing to cardiovascular conditions in the vulnerable population. The Black African Americans will understand the drawbacks of this major health concern in their life and will work to implemented healthcare practices for getting control over cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this initiative would work in a positive manner to control major health concern of cardiovascular disease in vulnerable Black/African Americans in San Francisco (Beadle Graham, 2011). Conclusion As per this evidence-based research study, the major vulnerable population in San Francisco are Black/African Americans involving older adults, minority, immigrants and the low-income population that face more cardiovascular problems and diseases when compared to the overall population of United States. Further, the factors affecting cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention in San Francisco are high poverty, low education and single-headed household in Blacks/Africans. Further, factors like cultural incompetency, language barriers and lacking health literacy develop restriction to healthcare access in San Francisco. Lastly, the recommendation of health awareness program regarding cardiovascular disease healthcare initiative from evidence sources in the study can surely work to overcome these aspects of vulnerable population in San Francisco to provide effective healthcare system. References Books Perez, M. A., Luquis, R. R. (Eds.). (2014). Cultural competence in health education and health promotion (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Journals Beadle, M. R., Graham, G. N. (2011). Collective action to end health disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 101(S1), S16S18. Boutaugh, M. L., Jenkins, S. M., Kulinski, K. P., Lorig, K. R., Ory, M. G., Smith, M. L. (2014). Closing the disparity gap: The work of the administration on aging. Generations, 38(4), 107118 Braveman, P. A., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., Pamuk, E. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us.American journal of public health,100(S1), S186-S196. Gostin, L. O., Lucey, D., Phelan, A. (2014). The Ebola epidemic: a global health emergency.Jama,312(11), 1095-1096. National Center for Health Statistics (2015) Health, United States, 2014: With special feature on adults aged 5564. Websites Community Health Status Assessment: City and County of San Francisco (2016). Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.cdph.ca.gov/data/informatics/Documents/San%20Francisco%20CHSA_10%2016%2012.pdf

How to Motivate Your Employees

Introduction Employees form the most important part of any organization. According to Chopra (2002), employees are the most important assert within an organization. Employees will determine success or failure of an organization based on the approach they give to the various tasks assigned to them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How to Motivate Your Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employee motivation is therefore, very important in ensuring that employees achieve desired result in various tasks assigned to them in order to ensure an overall success of the firm. Motivated employees tend to give their best effort in all that they do. The work with very little supervision, and do not wait to be directed to perform given tasks. They work with the vision of the organization in their heart, always determined to see success in all that they do. It is because of this that various firms have come to appreciate the need to have a group of motivated employees. Firms are currently struggling to ensure that they offer their employees the best working environment that will ensure that they are constantly motivated. Employees’ motivation always has a direct impact on the success of the firm in the given industry. This paper focuses on ways in which employees of a given firm can be motivated. The Need for Employee Motivation For a long time, labor has not been given its rightful position in many organizations. Many of the managements have not thought of viewing their employees as very important asserts. However, the happenings of the recent past have proven that labor force is one of the most important asserts to any given organization. When the management lays down objectives to be achieved, it is always the employees who are expected to implement the policies that would bring the desired results. It is this work force that would be expected to turn the policies from paper to reality. Th erefore, retention of employees is very important. Employees should be retained within the organization to ensure that the firm’s operations are consistent. High turnover rate of employees is not healthy for the firm’s prosperity (Anderson, 2004). This is because it does not only affect the smooth implementation of policies within the firm, but also leads to increased cost of training new employees. It is even worse that the employees would go away having learnt the strategies of the firm, making the firm vulnerable to its competitors. The management should therefore device methods of hiring qualified employees and retaining them within the firm. One of the best ways to achieve this is through motivation. It is through motivation that employees will feel attached to the firm and therefore feel committed to the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Relationship between Employee Motivation and Success of a Firm Armstrong (2002) says that employees are the implementing arm of the organization. While the top executives formulate the policies to be implemented by the organization, most of their tasks always end in the paper. It is upon the employees to make these blueprints a reality. In his words, employees are the engine of the organization. When well taken care of and put in a proper condition, they would always give the best of the results to the organization. However, when they are neglected and left to ‘rust’ they will always give leap service and the output will be very disappointing. Motivating employees within the organization is very important. There is a direct link between employee motivation and success of a firm. It is very important that a firm increases the rate of employee motivation because of a number of reasons. In most of the occasions, policies are always developed to last for one whole year. However, these p olicies are always units in the larger vision of the firm. A vision may be developed to be achieved in a time span of say thirty year or so. This duration is long and the firm may not take a direct approach towards achieving this vision. It therefore has to split this vision into yearly strategic objectives. When the year begins, the firm would plan with its current work force. When some of the employees leave along the year because of lack of motivation, it would be a blow to the success of that year’s strategic objectives. The firm would be forced to look for a replacement and train them and make them understand the objectives to be achieved (Barrows Powers, 2008). This is time consuming and costly venture that would reduce the success of the organization. Changing the employees on a yearly basis is not good either. This is because in so doing, the vision of the firm will be lost. It will not be possible to realize the vision because every year, the firm would be forced to start with new employees who may not understand the vision, and how it was developed in the first place. This minimizes chances of achieving expected goals within the organization. Retaining employees through proper motivation is another way of cutting cost. It is always necessary to train new employees to the firm on how to manage various forces that affect the organization. It would cost the management time and money to ensure that new recruits understand the working environment and are able to perform what is expected of them. Retaining employees would eliminate this cost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How to Motivate Your Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also easier to form a community that understands itself with a workforce that last for over five years within the firm. Everyone would know exactly what is expected of him or her, and therefore the task of directing them would be much easi er. This can only be possible if the employees feel motivated within the firm. Employee Motivation in the 21st Century The core of this research is to determine how best a firm can motivate its employees. Having categorically looked at the importance of motivating employees, it is prudent to determine ways through which a given firm can ensure that its grip on its employees is not shaken. However, there are some factors that must be considered before determining how best a firm can motivate its employees. It is an acceptable fact that for a firm to motivate employees, it must start by employing some of the best talents that would help it achieve its goals. As such, it is important to understand how best a firm can recruit new employees. After recruiting the best of the employees, as per the measures that have been put in place, it is also important to appreciate that not all of them would leave up to the expectations (Chuang Liao, 2010). As such, it would again be appropriate to de termine who to retain because a firm can only retain the best of the workforce in order to be in a position to achieve the maximum. It is upon the determination of the best workforce to retain that a firm can now develop the best ways to motivating such employees. Strategies of Employee Motivation To ensure that there is a constantly motivated workforce, it would require the management to employ the right strategies that would ensure that it succeeds in this. It may appear as a simple task of making employees happy. However, it goes beyond this. To motivate employees within the firm, there are a series of strategies that a firm should employ in order to ensure that employees are constantly satisfied. The secret behind this retention lies in ensuring that the employee is satisfied and feels challenged with the present task. This will cause the drive in him to want to come tomorrow and beat the challenge. The recommendations below gives a detailed strategy of how to employ the right i ndividuals to the firm, and how such individuals should be retained, once employed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations on How to Motivate Employees This has been the core of this research. The researcher was interested in determining how best to motivate employees within a given firm. According to Griffin and Moorhead (2009), the secret behind the motivation of employees within a firm is through understanding their special needs. Human being by nature wants to be appreciated. This way, they feel that their effort is recognized. They feel motivated, and this way, they are in a position to perform better within the firm. Motivation comes in various forms. Promotion in the place of work. People always feel so much appreciated if they are made to raise a step or two in their workplace. However minimal this rise may be, it would be appreciated by the employees and this would make them work harder in order to be given even higher ranks the firm. They would remain in the firm with the hope that one day they would rise to the highest position in the firm Giving employees financial incentive s. Although there are many factors that would encourage an individual to get employment, the ultimate goal is to earn good salaries that would enable him or her be in a position to take good care of the family. Financial incentives are some of the best ways through which a firm can ensure that they make employees feel that their efforts are appreciated. It would motivate them to work harder and will not make them think of leaving the firm. Personal appreciation from the management team would be a high motivation to the employee. It would go a long way in ensuring that the employee is motivated within the firm. Public praises. It is important that when an employee performs exceptionally well, the management should praise such employees publicly. Such public praises will make the employees attached to the firm. High involvement and clear communication. The management should always ensure that employees are involved. They should be made to feel that they are responsible for every task they have to undertake. This way, they would always want to see their departments excel, a fact that may make them stay motivated within the organization. Team building seminars. One of the best way of motivating employees and ensuring that they work as a team is by organizing team building seminars. Though such seminars, employees would form very strong bonds amongst themselves and with the firm. As such, they would not think of leaving the firm for another because the bond would always keep them together. The management should also foster trust. The employees should have trust in employees. They should be made to feel that the management is caring. The management should always ensure that they keep trust by always honoring their promises. Challenging experience. Human being, under a normal circumstance, work best when provided with challenging tasks. They feel that they have something to accomplish tomorrow, because they feel that today’s work is not satisfactory. Such an e mployee would always be thinking of ways to beat the deadlines other than engaging in unconstructive tasks because of lack of motivation. Conclusion Employees are very important to an organization. Success of organization will start by having employees who feel that there is need to succeed. Success can be achieved with motivated employees. Motivated employees will always work as a team and be committed to their tasks in order to foster success to the organization. There are various ways of ensuring that employees are constantly motivated within the organization. One of the ways through which this can be achieved is through promotion at workplace. The employees feel that they are valued in the firm. Another prominent way of motivating employees is through good remuneration. This makes them feel that the firm cares for their families. There are many other motivational methods that ensure that employees work within the expected limits. References Anderson, T. (2004). Research Methods in Human Resource Management. London: Chattered institute of Personell Management Publishing. Armstrong, M. (2002). Employee Rewards. Trowbridge: CIPD Publishing. Barrows, C., Powers, T. (2008). Introduction to Management in the Hospitality Industry. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. Chopra, S. (2002). Motivation in Management. New Delhi: Sarup Sons. Chuang, C., Liao, H. (2010). Strategic Human Resource in Service Context: Taking Care of Business by Taking Care of Employees and Customers. Personell psychology , 63(1), 153-196. Griffin, R., Moorhead, G. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Mason: Cengage learning. This essay on How to Motivate Your Employees was written and submitted by user Davis Livingston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Number Problems

5 Number Problems 5 Number Problems 5 Number Problems By Mark Nichol 1. Number Collisions In the sentence â€Å"The day the slain woman was to turn 28, 3,000 gathered at a church to recall her life,† the proximity of her age (assuming it is styled numerically rather than spelled out) and the number of mourners confuses the eye. Readers may assume, before they comprehend the sense of the sentence, that the comma after her age and the following letter space are erroneous and that the digits belong in one figure. If the numerical style for the age is correct, revise the sentence to read, â€Å"The day the slain woman was to turn 28, several thousand people gathered at a church to recall her life.† (This distraction can also occur when a year, a room or building number, or any other numerical designation precedes a figure.) 2. Number Ranges Do not use the word from preceding a number range in which a dash (or, in this case, as employed often in newspapers and online, a hyphen) appears: â€Å"The Korean War lasted from 1950-1953† should read â€Å"The Korean War lasted from 1950 to 1953† or â€Å"The Korean War lasted 1950-1953.† â€Å"The class will be held from 7-10 p.m.† is correctly expressed â€Å"The class will be held from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.† (the first p.m. may be elided) or â€Å"The class will be held 7-10 p.m.† 3. Number Names When you employ specialized terms that include combinations of numbers or numbers and letters, be sure you’re typing them correctly. The term in â€Å"It’s safe to open your 401K statement again† is correctly rendered 401(k). The designation for a certain nonprofit corporation sometimes incorrectly styled 501c3 or 501(c)3 should appear as 501(c)(3). 4. Numbers with Hyphenation I’ve written about hyperhyphenation and hypohyphenation before (search this site for â€Å"hyphens† for more posts on the topic), but these twin troubles persist, so I will, too: Pay attention when using hyphens in phrases involving numbers. No hyphens are necessary in â€Å"The electrified fence is 10-feet-high,† because â€Å"10 feet high† is a simple description, not an adjectival phrase describing a noun that follows immediately (â€Å"10-foot-high electrified fence† is correct). One of those extra hyphens can be donated to the phrase â€Å"21-year old world record,† which refers not to an old world record consisting of 21 years (is that â€Å"old world,† as in â€Å"old-world charm†?), but to a world record that is 21 years old. 5. Numbers and Currency Take care when making references to money: Redundant references such as â€Å"The fine was set at $5 million dollars† or â€Å"I found $100 bucks in an old shoe box† are common. Be consistent in one article or book about whether you use currency symbols or spell the terms out; the determination should be based on the level of formality (currency terms are usually spelled out in more formal writing) weighed against the frequency of occurrence (numerous and/or technical references to money are best presented with symbols). Keep in mind, too, that use of the dollar sign is ubiquitous, but the cent sign is rare, so if reference is made separately to dollars and cents, it’s best to spell out both terms: â€Å"In 1960, the candy bar cost 5 cents; by the beginning of the twenty-first century, it sold for a dollar.† Also, avoid using numerals for orders of magnitude. The figure in â€Å"The binary star is more than 57,000,000,000,000 miles from Earth† is difficult to read, as is the total in â€Å"The budget was 5,666,943,643 dollars.† In the first example, use the term of magnitude: â€Å"The binary star is more than 57 trillion miles from Earth.† Use the same approach for the monetary figure, which is unnecessarily precise; multidigit references to currency are often rounded off at two decimals past the degree of magnitude. â€Å"The budget was 5.66 billion dollars.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables20 Ways to Cry

Understanding Tourism as a Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Understanding Tourism as a Business - Assignment Example Thomas Cook Group is diversified with its workforce from cabin crew, Administration, Resorts, Product Marketing and Health and Safety. Every action of this group is focused on customer. Thomas Cook Strategy Thomas Cook has empowered and is serving over 25 million customers. Their main purpose is to inspire their customers to go and see the world. They aspire their customers with the delivery customized holiday experience to individual clients. Their goal is to exceed the expectations of the customers on wherever, whenever and however basis (Holloway & Taylor, 2006). The values of Thomas Cook are: Succeed as one team Deliver for the customers Engage one another Drive for results Act with integrity Organizational Structure of Thomas Group The organizational Structure of Thomas Cook is very alterable which is organized by Geographical and Functional Departmentalization. The Geographical Departmentalization has grouped the jobs on the basis of the geography and canton. Similarly the cust omers are also grouped on the basis of their geographical dispersion (Daugherty, Croft, Marguart, Balzor & Sheldon, 2013). Functional Departmentalization has been grouped by the functions being performed (Daugherty, et.al, 2013. The activities and jobs being performed are normally grouped according to work which is performed and to carry on the economies of scale by hiring employees with shared skills and erudition in different departments. Products, Services and Vertical Integration by Thomas Cook The core business of Thomas Group is the provision of Charter Packages in which flights, Hotels, Resorts and Rep services are vertically integrated (Maharani,... Understanding Tourism Business Thomas was a cabinet-maker in Leicester. He was a folk reformer and he thought that People’s life could be improved to a great extent if people drank less and become more educated. While walking one day he was struck by an idea to use the power of railway to employee people. In the abstinence meeting, he evinced his idea. His idea was condoned happily to take the reformer people to Loughborough which was scheduled on train and that too only for one shilling. The meeting was a great success and this became the key idea for his excursions thereafter. Nowadays, Thomas cook is a leading company having 16,000 staff with an operating network of 1050 in UK and overseas (Thomas Cook Group, 2013). Ownership of Thomas Cook Group Thomas Cook group has 3 lead share holders as on August-2011.The share percentages are as follow (Thomas Cook Group, 2013): Lloyd’s Banking group has a share of 9%. Blackrock Inc. has a share of 4.99% AXA SA has a share of 4.8% The remaining of the stock floats freely Mission Statement of Thomas Cook â€Å"To Perfect the Personnel Leisure Experience†. Thomas cook’s vision is to go make dreams come true. Marriott Hotels pay significant attention to their environmental policy where as the Thomas Cook Group d not incline themselves towards any such measures, on the contrary promoting unnecessary travel only adds to carbon emissions.

Reflaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflaction paper - Essay Example I will ask them about what they feel and think about this exchange of roles. Though many in China have been influenced heavily by western influences, the traditional structures of the family have remained intact along with the norms and culture. The traditional and modern Chinese families are the same in values and morals. The roles, statuses, culture and values remain the same despite rapidly changing technology, innovation. The Chinese still maintain very clear-cut roles, rights, values and moms for men and women. Though a few things have changed such as the freedom to choose one’s spouse, the same cultural values and taboos apply. The family values are still a heavy focus and are cherished, honored and respected. This is true in the modern, urban and rural environments. I do not see anything different in the western definition of wife from Judy Syfers â€Å"Why I want a wife†; description of the Chinese’s wife and the kind of wife she is describing in the west. Though Judy writes to complain and bemoan the â€Å"wife† in the we st it is atypical of the Chinese wife’s reality whether she lives in the west or in China. â€Å"I want a wife who will take care of all the social details of my life† (p.61) is universal. The expectations on gender roles are very conservative in Chinese culture. The relationship between a boy and a girl is expected to lead to marriage and is therefore expected to follow the rules of marriage. If a boy goes out to dinner with a girl then he is expected to pay for the dinner and not doing so will make him loose â€Å"face" and social status. This makes a person to be regarded as a poor dating candidate and so it was very hard for my boyfriend to accept for me to pay for the meal. I have never paid for my own meals in my life form my own savings. The money that I use for buying things is from my father and so even if he is not

The PODSCORB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The PODSCORB - Assignment Example PODSCORB The emerging style of business is therefore concentrating significantly on the efficient & systematic functioning of their organizations. For this purpose, most of the organizations follow the famous principles of management which was first established by Henry Fayol & F.W. Taylor & later on those were modified by Gullick and Lyndall (Opara & Nosike, 2012). These principles are known as The PODSCORB which includes planning, organizing, directing or staffing, coordinating, reporting or budgeting. Here we will discuss about the implementation of these principles in a real organization. Planning This article is based on the functioning of an organization were I worked previously. My previous employer was an FMCG firm which specialized in preparing herbal products. I was appointed as the marketing officer & my job was to co-ordinate between the sales team & marketing team. As strategic planning is considered to be a new aspect in the field of marketing therefore the organization trusted on the abilities of the young graduates & constantly encouraged them to take initiative for taking up responsibilities. The leading or directing function were carried out by the sales & marketing managers. The conventional ways of leadership describes it as an activity of supervising & controlling the followers. However modern day management considers a leader as a mentor who guides the trainees & rectifies the mistakes made by them. It is a deliberate influence exerted by an individual over his subordinates to assist them in activities within an organization. (Karp & Thomas, 2009). The managers used to take feedback everyday from those who used to visit the market & then me & my team was instructed to prepare a plan for their next day’s activity. Any kind of grievance among the team members was skillfully managed by those leaders & there used to be a participative style of management where each one shared their opinion, suggestion, complaints with the managers. The managers used to direct the team as well as support & guide them by teaching them various sales tactics. Handling

Challenges Facing Health Care Providers and Health Insurance

Challenges Facing Health Care Providers and Health Insurance Topic: challenges facing Health care providers while dealing with Health insurances: a case study of a private hospital in Nairobi Kenya Introduction Define health financing (who,2000)world health report ‘ A health system is the sum total of all the organizations, ititutions and resources whoseprimary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health (WHO, 2000).Effectiveness, efficiency andequity of health financing system is determined by interaction of the three health financing functions namely collection of revenues, the pooling of pre-paid revenues and purchasing.Purchasig means the process by which interventions are selected and services are paid for or providers are paid. Healthcare providers are part of health system and re key component of health system strengthening and they play a significant role in determining whether the goals of a health system can be achieved.It is important that the buyers of services align provider payment methods with organizationalarrangements for service providers and other incentives for efficient service provision In Kenya most of the private health insurances operate on a purchaser provider split model with the insurances being directly responsible for entering into purchase agreements with providers and reimbursing them. Most of the provider payment is fee for service with a few health management organizations trying out the capitation mode of payment on outpatient services.Before the claims are approved for payments they have to undergo through the schemes claims process for eligibility purposes. According to S. Sodzi-Tetteyet al (2012) the purchasing function of health financing has been beset with problems of delay in provider payments. A study by Ministry of Health, Ghana, (2009) showed that in 2008 health facilities nationwide were owed a total of USD 32.6M most of it in unpaid claims while health providers themselves reported a 2-6 month delaying having their bills settled. Health insurance schemes are being used as an alternatives funding for health sector (Baltussen et al 2000).Insurance authorities are established to secure improvements in the health of the population by assessing health needs of the population ,determining the most cost effective mean of meeting these needs and contracting with providers to supply the required services. They are different types of health insurance models and one of them is the purchaser /provider splint models .they are many advantages to this arrangement according to ZurnAdams (2004) among them compiling of services providers to offer quality care however this model can also lead to major problems which according to Sakyi et al (2012)could be enormous among them being late reimbursement thus increasing the financial volatility of health providers which may in turn affect service delivery due to lack of finances to buy drugs ,to improve health facilities, to pay health workers to buy commodities among other things .witterGarshong ,(2009) says that providers who depend heavily on subsidies from the insurances could offer poor quality care when they are under billed or a large portion of their claims are rejected. The study will explore the challenges experienced by health care providers dealing with private health insurances especially the claim processing. Problem statements Health providers are offering health services to health insurances clients yet the insurances are not honoring their pledges to pay. There so many rejected bills after clients are discharged; many providers have unsettled bills by the patients because after services were offered the insurances give decline letters or covered bills up to a certain limit. A lot of time and money ,human resource is used in reconciliation of the accounts and in most cases the claims are not paid and as sakyi et al (2012) says this increases financial volatility of the health care providers which may in turn affect service delivery due to lack of finances to buy commodities and pay workers.witter Garshong (2009)continue to say that providers wo depend heavily on subsidies form the insurances could offer poor quality care when they are under billed or a large portion of their claims are rejected. . Research Objectives The study seeks to explore the challenges facing healthcare providers while dealing health insurance companies. The specific objectives of the study will be: To establish the administrative challenges facing health providers in executing operational guidance of health insurances. To establish the challenges healthproviders face from the health insurance during service delivery to their clients. To establish the challenges health providers face from the health insurance after the delivery of service to their client To come up with recommendation’s that would be used by the health providers and health insurance to ensure a workable purchaser –provider splint system Research Questions The study will answer the following research questions: What are the administrative challenges facing health providers in executing operational guidance of health insurances(admission process, scheduled cases ,emergency cases ) What are challenges health providers face during service delivery to health insurance clients(declines,exclusion ,limited covers ,clients not knowing their limits ) What are the challenges health providers face from the health insurance after the delivery of service to their clients.(rejections of claims ,late reimbursements What are the political challenges facing healthcare financing towards universal coverage by NHIF? What are the recommendation’s to health providers and health insurance to ensure a workable purchaser –provider splint system Theoretical framework Health insurance theory Utility theory Behavioral model of utilization Event model of studying health services utilization med care 1998. Conceptual framework Dependent variable- Challenges faced by health providers Independent variable- Operational guidelines (preauthorization process-preadmission process). service provision(admission post service provision (claim and reimbursement process) Significance of the Study Health providers are key in health system strengthening and key stakeholders in attainment of universal health coverage (delloitte ,2012)hence the importance to find out ways of ensuring both the private and public insurance work harmoniously with providers. Help policy makers in making decision like proper ttraining their enrolessabout their benefits ,providers to hve mechanism to carry out operational guidelines, Policy makers need access to knowledge on purchaser –provider splint system dynamics and the appropriate responses. Therefore, the study provides guidance and recommendations instrumental in designing appropriate policies that regulate the healthcare sector and what need to be done to ensure workable /effective and efficient system. The study will also be a reference material to the healthcare insurance firms, healthcare providers/institutions and other stakeholders. Relevant data that could allow for recommendations that could be implemented to strengthen the role of private health insurance players or providers or to strengthen provider and purchaser reltionship Methodology of the Study It will be an exploratory study .Qualitative andquantitative approaches will be used for primary datacollection using interview guides and checklists. References WHO,the world Health report 2000:Health systemsimproving performance ,Geneva ,World Health Organisation,2000

The History and Effects of Slavery on the South Essay -- History, War

You would think that a society which takes up an institution as immoral and barbaric as slavery would benefit from it on the whole, but that is not the case with the American South. The only people who benefited from slavery were the top 3% of Southern society. For the rest of the people the institution of slavery would prevent them from gaining an education, proper literacy, wealth, and movement up the social ladder. If viewed as an independent nation the South was a socially stagnant aristocracy, extremely dependant on foreign trade , had fairly weak industry, and finally had a small population compared to the North. Perhaps the greatest tragedy was that all those confederate soldiers died for a cause that kept them poor. This is not all though, slavery itself was horrible, and even after slaves were given their legal freedom they were still slaves in nearly every aspect save for the title. Literacy in the South was very poor compared to the North. The only Northern States that were surpassed by the South in terms of reading and writing were the states of Illinois and Indiana, and this was mainly due to an influx of illiterate foreigners, and immigrants from the slave states. The worst literacy rate in the South was in North Carolina, the ratio was 1 illiterate for every 7 white persons which is roughly a 14% illiteracy rate. In contrast the worst state in the North for literacy was Illinois at a 1:17 ratio or 6% illiteracy rate. These figures also take into account children so if you only count adults illiteracy increases particularly in the South..Finally if you look at the whole chart the slave states have the worst literacy rates in general.( Helper, 407) There are vast differences in education between the North... ..., and Lizabeth Cohen. The American Pageant. 11th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print. "Black Codes (United States)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. . Helper, Hinton Rowan. The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It. 1857. The Project Gutenberg. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. h.htm>. Hofstadter, Richard. The American Political Tradition And The Men Who Made It. New York: Knopf, 1973. Print. Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States: 1492-present. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. Print. Fuller, John. "How the Civil Rights Movement Worked" 06 May 2008. HowStuffWorks.com. 30 January 2012.

CRM in Dubai Arabic Restaurants

Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) is a widely applied strategy used in the retail and hospitality industries to retain customers. To study the effectiveness of applying CRM in Dubai, two culturally local restaurants have been chosen to determine the customer segmentation in regards to the level of CRM performed at each. The focus on local companies allows for a more comprehensive analysis of strategies designed specifically around the Dubai market. The first segment of this report provides a descriptive outline from both primary and secondary research of the two establishments: an Arabic restaurant, Reem Al Bawadi and a Lebanese restaurant, Mezzah House. An analysis of both restaurants determines that Reem Al Bawadi focuses on providing a high customer service level, professionalism, and food quality; whereas Mezzah House relates in a greater extent to the customer in a more comfortable and relaxed atmosphere. However, both restaurants do not implement a specifically designed CRM or retention strategy to build life time relationships with their customers. You can read also Classifications of Restaurants Based on the analysis of both restaurants, it can be concluded that CRM could be effectively implemented but is currently not evident in the retail and hospitality industries in Dubai. The Mezzah House succeeds for instance, through the use of weekly events to attract repeat customers. Similarly, Reem Al Bawadi is able to provide superior customer service (though formal and less personal) through customer feedback survey cards. Neither restaurant identifies with a need for formal CRM strategies to be developed. Both restaurants are sufficiently patronized by both the tourist segment and the locals. Consequently, the implementation of CRM in Dubai, with respect to the demographics of the city (that being 85% of the inhabitants are expatriates which will in time leave the country and tourists) as a whole is not a developing trend in the city at this time. The research summary and CRM justification highlights the differences of two restaurant chains, one US based and one European, who consistently improve the application of CRM and how these techniques could be implemented more directly within the Dubai market. The paper’s conclusion summarizes the important findings including an explanation of why CRM should be implemented in Dubai eateries, as related to the experiences noted within these two restaurants. There are marketing tools in place but not fully utilized as a formal plan for Customer Relationship Marketing. Introduction Utilizing Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM) in the retail and hospitality industries to retain customers has been a developing practice throughout U. S. and developed European markets but is rarely recognizable in developing arenas. The question of whether Dubai, a city built from sand to skyscrapers which seems to seep tourist money, could benefit from developing a trend of using CRM to effectively build a relationship with its customers. Through first and secondary research using two culturally local restaurants the paper describes a study in the level of CRM performed in the Dubai market. The first segment of this report provides a description of the establishments: Reem Al Bawadi and Mezzah House. Experience The Food – The Research * Reem Al Bawadi – An Arabic Dining Experience General Description: For the purpose of this paper, the Dubai Jumeirah location of the Reem Al Bawadi, an Arabic restaurant with multiple locations in Dubai, will be discussed. This particular restaurant cannot be accessed by the metro; so, that either a car or taxi is required. The Restaurant provides both outdoor and indoor seating and due to the high ceilings and open spacing inside, a warm and authentic atmosphere is created maintaining the Arabic charm. Indoor seating is divided into two dining areas for smoking and non-smoking guests, both providing free Wi-Fi upon request. The menu ranges from traditional Arabic cuisine to Italian specialties such as pasta and pizza, providing a variety of dishes to the customers. The Jumeirah Road location is frequented by both tourists and local inhabitants and yet the pricing is reasonable when compared to other restaurants in the area. A main course with a drink runs around 70 to 80AED in total. The restaurant welcomes guests for both an entire meal for lunch and dinner or only drinks or small portions during the day. Customer Segmentation: Many of the customers at this location are walk-ins who pass by the restaurant and decide to dine on impulse. Because many are tourists, it is more difficult and almost impossible for the restaurant to build lasting relationships with the tourist segment. As Reem Al Bawadi operates multiple restaurants in Dubai, the steady segment of customers are inhabitants of the city which have visited others within the chain have interest due to a previous experience. Reasonable pricing for a full-service in the right location addresses mainly middle to higher income consumer segments. Customer Relationship Marketing Application: A review of what can be described as outstanding customer service reveals the entire staff to be friendly, helpful and caring for the guests. The waiters are knowledgeable of all the menu and capable recommending specific dishes according to the customer’s palatable tastes. Constantly visible to the guests and ensuring a smooth operation, the manager is of the restaurant seeks to enhance customer satisfaction. The internal organization is clearly hierarchy and women are only placed in the positions of hostess and clerk. They are expected to welcome guests and are not in serving at all. Reem Al Bawadi distributes feedback cards regarding reception, service, cleanliness and food quality in both English and Arabic (see appendix 1). This would indicate customer feedback is used to improve the service level. The employees however, exhibit a formal relationship to all customers and none were recognized as loyal guests or treated differently. The employees do not introduce themselves to the guests nor do they make any attempt to build rapport. Differences Between Primary and Secondary Research: The Reem Al Bawadi homepage is not customer friendly. Although the website provides a clear overview within the different icons, a considerable amount of information is missing. For instance, the history, values, internal operations and even menu prices are not presented on the website. Consequently the company’s strategy for customer retention is not readily apparent. As for social media, the Facebook page also only provides basic information including location, type of cuisine and methods of payment. Facebook and Twitter are used to promote special events such as sporting events but, none of the online marketing tools provide any information about he value of the customer to the company or any explanation of a CRM strategy. Supported by the above described findings of the primary research, it can be concluded that Reem Al Bawadi does not seem to have a specific CRM strategy or show any kind of recognition for repeat customers. Even so, great food and quality service breed positive online reviews which alone can build a loyal cu stomer base. * Mezza House – A Lebanese Arabic flair General Description: The Mezza House is also an Arabic restaurant located within walking distance from the Dubai mall, which can be conveniently accessed by metro or car. Similar to the Reem Al Bawadi, the restaurant offers both outdoor and indoor seating areas. The menu varies from Lebanese to Palestinian, Syrian and Jordanian food, combining it into Levantine cuisine. The menu cards display pictures of dishes so that customers develop a sight appeal to different menu items. The Restaurant is popular for its shisha culture and cosy atmosphere; so much so that non-smoking areas are not provided and usually the restaurant is quite boisterous. The noise level and shisha provides an atmosphere for social gatherings including free Wi-Fi to all guests. Customer Segmentation: The following customer segments were identified at Mezza House:, approximately 80% of the customers are Arab, followed by 15% of local customers and 5% of Western guests. As the restaurant does not provide a separate non-smoking area, it attracts mostly shisha-loving guests and excludes customers who would like to dine in a non-smoking area. The prices are similar to any other restaurant providing Lebanese food and thereby mainly middle to higher income customer segments are attracted, similar to Reem Al Bawadi Restaurant. Customer Relationship Marketing Application: Unlike the previous restaurant, waiters at Mezza House are generally attentive and make distinct efforts to engage with the guests by verifying satisfaction and responding to special requests. In contrast to Reem Al Bawadi, a difference between new and regular customers can be observed, as regular customers are treated as part of a family and some are even addressed by name. In addition, the food presentation is above average. Managers and employees verified that new staff is only hired if prior work experience was proven. Differences Between Primary and Secondary Research: Mezza House actively promotes its special weekly events on their website. These include ‘Ladies’ Night, Friday Brunch, and a Karaoke Night. This is used to generate return business, attracting repeat customers through a special experience married to high quality food. Their social media marketing constantly updates the Facebook with new event announcements and pictures of food. Online customer reviews are positive and relate to a high food quality and exquisite experience. However, many service quality comments are negative. This is mainly based on the fact that the employees relate to the guests in a personal rather than professional way. Customers seeking for a luxurious dining experience will be disappointed. In addition, the service perception of the customer differentiates from the service that the employees and managers would like to promote. Service quality is one of the main ideals for management. Research Summarization and CRM Justification: From the experience and research of both restaurants, it can be concluded that neither has implemented a clearly defined CRM strategy. Reem Al Bawadi does not relate to its customers and seems to gain its profit mostly from tourists and walk-in guests. Nevertheless, the establishment focuses on providing high service levels and exceptional food quality, requesting feedback but not using it to build relationships. The Mezza House has a more customer friendly atmosphere and homepage which actively promotes events to build relationships with guests centered around the dining experience. CRM can be effectively implemented, but is not currently evident in the Dubai retail and hospitality environments. While some elements of CRM are utilized, such as the superior customer service of the Reem Al Bawadi and the weekly events and personalized service in the Mezza House, neither apply customer retention strategies. Since the Reem Al Bawadi is located at Jumeirah Road where tourists and locals pass by, this particular restaurant may not have the need to invest into retaining customers, but as a strategy for the chain it could be utilized. The Mezza House clearly implements more elements of CRM represented through online marketing and relationship uilding; however, except for the weekly events, activities to retain the customers on a long term basis cannot be identified. The experience justifies that CRM can and has been implemented in Dubai, however, on a very limited basis and is not readily apparent in the retail and hospitality industries. * Value CRM IN Dubai Although Dubai has a population of 2. 1 million inhabitants, more than 85% of the population are expatriates who come and lea ve the country. In addition, tourism is the most important economic factor for Dubai, as approximately 13 million tourists per year come to Dubai. Therefore, especially in the hospitality industry, managers might assume that CRM is not applicable as mainly tourists come to visit the restaurants and hotels and expatriates often do not stay for many years. Since the two restaurants chosen for this paper are local, not specifically known by tourists or expats, CRM does not seem to be as applicable as in international chains where customers visit the same brand in different cities of the world. In fact, applying CRM might be easier in cities with a higher percentage of local inhabitants so that life time relationships with customers can be built and become more valuable. Restaurant chains such as the U. S. based O’Charley’s or the Italian chain VaPiano might find it easier to implement CRM in Dubai, as many expats and tourists recognize the brand and would visit a familiar setting or even be curious about the menu in a different country Conclusion: As shown by the examples of Reem Al Bawadi and Mezza House restaurants which implement specific elements of CRM but do not have a defined retention strategy, CRM can be effectively implemented. However, it is currently not widely applied in the Dubai retail and hospitality setting. As both restaurants are located in tourism areas and only 15% of the Dubai market is local, the restaurants are able to gain sufficient revenue from tourists and only a small amount of loyal local customers. Therefore, the restaurants do not visualize the need of implementing a CRM retention strategy. Consequently, due to the unique demographics rarely found in any other city, it is more difficult for Dubai retailers and restaurants to implement CRM. The curiosity of tourists and expats to taste authentic Arabic cuisine enables restaurants to operate successfully without developing a formal CRM strategy which focuses on specific customers. Website reviews such as â€Å"Tripadvisor† and â€Å"Timeout in Dubai† effectively promote the restaurants by word-of-mouth promotion as a marketing tool in contrast to a developed CRM strategy. As a final note, both restaurants were highly recommended for a return visit by the research staff to experience exceptional flavour of food and Arabic culture.

Economic Influence Over Presidential Election Outcomes

Economic Influence Over Presidential Election Outcomes It seems that during every presidential election year we are  told that jobs and the economy will be pivotal issues. Its commonly assumed that an incumbent president has little to worry about if the economy is good and there are lots of jobs. If the opposite holds true, however, the president should prepare for life on the rubber chicken circuit. Testing Conventional Wisdom of Presidential Elections and The Economy I decided to examine this conventional wisdom to see if it holds true and to see what it can tell us about the future presidential elections. Since 1948, there have been nine presidential elections that have pitted an incumbent president against a challenger. Out of those nine, I chose to examine six elections. I decided to disregard two of those elections where the challenger was considered too extreme to be elected: Barry Goldwater in 1964 and George S. McGovern in 1972. Out of the remaining presidential elections, incumbents won four elections while challengers won three. To see what impact jobs and the economy had on the election, well consider two important economic indicators: the growth rate of real GNP (the economy) and the unemployment rate (jobs). Well compare the two-year vs. the four-year and previous four-year performance of those variables in order to compare how Jobs The Economy performed during the incumbents presidency and how it performed relative to the previous administration. First, well look at the performance of Jobs The Economy in the three of the cases in which the incumbent won. Be sure to continue to Page 2 of Presidential Elections and the Economy. Out of our six chosen incumbent presidential elections, we had three where the incumbent won. Well look at those three, starting with the percentage of the electoral vote each candidate collected. 1956 Election: Eisenhower (57.4%) v. Stevenson (42.0%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 4.54% 4.25% Four Year 3.25% 4.25% Previous Administration 4.95% 4.36% Although Eisenhower won in a landslide, the economy had actually performed better under the Truman administration than it did during Eisenhowers first term. Real GNP, however, grew at an amazing 7.14% per year in 1955, which certainly helped Eisenhower get reelected. 1984 Election: Reagan (58.8%) v. Mondale (40.6%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 5.85% 8.55% Four Year 3.07% 8.58% Previous Administration 3.28% 6.56% Again, Reagan won in a landslide, which certainly had nothing to do with the unemployment statistics. The economy came out of recession just in time for Reagans reelection bid, as real GNP grew a robust 7.19% in Reagans final year of his first term. 1996 Election: Clinton (49.2%) v. Dole (40.7%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 3.10% 5.99% Four Year 3.22% 6.32% Previous Administration 2.14% 5.60% Clintons re-election was not quite a landslide, and we see quite a different pattern than the other two incumbent victories. Here we see fairly consistent economic growth during Clintons first term as President, but not a consistently improving unemployment rate. It would appear that the economy grew first, then the rate of unemployment decreased, which we would expect since the unemployment rate is a lagging indicator. If we average out the three incumbent victories, we see the following pattern: Incumbent (55.1%) v. Challenger (41.1%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 4.50% 6.26% Four Year 3.18% 6.39% Previous Administration 3.46% 5.51% It would appear then from this very limited sample that voters are more interested in how the economy has improved during the tenure of the presidency than they are in comparing the performance of the current administration with past administrations. Well see if this pattern holds true for the three elections where the incumbent lost. Be sure to continue to Page 3 of Presidential Elections and the Economy. Now for the three incumbents who lost: 1976 Election: Ford (48.0%) v. Carter (50.1%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 2.57% 8.09% Four Year 2.60% 6.69% Previous Administration 2.98% 5.00% This election is quite an unusual one to examine, as Gerald Ford replaced Richard Nixon after Nixons resignation. In addition, we are comparing the performance of a Republican incumbent (Ford) to a previous Republican administration. Looking at these economic indicators, it is easy to see why the incumbent lost. The economy was in a slow decline during this period and the unemployment rate jumped sharply. Given the performance of the economy during Fords tenure, its a little surprising that this election was a close as it was. 1980 Election: Carter (41.0%) v. Reagan  (50.7%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 1.47% 6.51% Four Year 3.28% 6.56% Previous Administration 2.60% 6.69% In 1976, Jimmy Carter defeated an incumbent president. In 1980, he was the defeated incumbent president. It would appear that the unemployment rate had little to do with Reagans landslide victory over Carter, as the rate of unemployment improved over Carters presidency. However, the last two years of the Carter administration saw the economy grow at a paltry 1.47% per annum. The 1980 Presidential election suggests that economic growth, and not the unemployment rate, can bring down an incumbent. 1992 Election: Bush (37.8%) v. Clinton (43.3%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 1.58% 6.22% Four Year 2.14% 6.44% Previous Administration 3.78% 7.80% Another unusual election, as we are comparing the performance of a Republican president (Bush) to another Republican administration (Reagans second term). The strong performance of third party candidate Ross Perot caused Bill Clinton to win the election with only 43.3% of the popular vote, a level usually associated with the losing candidate. But republicans who believe that Bushs defeat lies solely on the shoulders of Ross Perot should think again. Although the unemployment rate decreased during the Bush administration, the economy grew at a paltry 1.58% during the final two years of the Bush administration. The economy was in recession during the early 1990s and voters took out their frustrations on the incumbent. If we average out the three incumbent losses, we see the following pattern: Incumbent (42.3%) v. Challenger (48.0%) Real GNP Growth (Economy) Unemployment Rate (Jobs) Two Year 1.87% 6.97% Four Year 2.67% 6.56% Previous Administration 3.12% 6.50% In the final section, well examine the performance of Real GNP growth and the unemployment rate under George W. Bushs administration, to see if economic factors helped or harmed Bushs reelection chances in 2004. Be sure to continue to Page 4 of Presidential Elections and the Economy. Lets consider the performance of jobs, as measured by the unemployment rate, and the economy as measured by the growth rate of real GDP, under George W. Bushs first term as president. Using data up to and including the first three months of 2004, we will form our comparisons. First, the growth rate of real GNP: Real GNP Growth Unemployment Rate Clintons 2nd Term 4.20% 4.40% 2001 0.5% 4.76% 2002 2.2% 5.78% 2003 3.1% 6.00% 2004 (First Quarter) 4.2% 5.63% First 37 Months Under Bush 2.10% 5.51% We see that both real GNP growth and the unemployment rate were worse under the Bush administration than they were under Clinton in his second term as President. As we can see from our real GNP growth statistics, the growth rate of real GNP has been rising steadily since the recession at the beginning of decade, whereas the unemployment rate is continuing to get worse. By looking at these trends, we can compare this administrations performance on jobs and the economy to the six we have already seen: Lower Economic Growth than the Previous Administration: This occurred in two cases where the incumbent won (Eisenhower, Reagan) and two cases where the incumbent lost (Ford, Bush)Economy Improved In the Last Two Years: This occurred in two of the cases where the incumbent won (Eisenhower, Reagan) and none of the cases where the incumbent lost.Higher Unemployment Rate than the Previous Administration: This occurred in two of the cases where the incumbent won (Reagan, Clinton) and one case where the incumbent lost (Ford).Higher Unemployment Rate in the Last Two Years: This occurred in none of the cases where the incumbent won. In the case of the Eisenhower and Reagan first term administrations, there was almost no difference in the two-year and full-term unemployment rates, so we must be careful not to read too much into this. This did, however, occur in one case where the incumbent lost (Ford). While it may be popular in some circles to compare the performance of the economy under Bush Sr. to that of Bush Jr., judging by our chart, they have little in common. The biggest difference is that W. Bush was fortunate enough to have his recession right at the beginning of his presidency, while the senior Bush was not so lucky. The performance of the economy seems to fall somewhere in between the Gerald Ford administration and the first Reagan administration. Assuming that we are back in pre-election 2004, this data alone would have made it difficult to predict whether George W. Bush would end up in the Incumbents Who Won or the Incumbents who Lost column. Of course, Bush did end up winning reelection with just 50.7% of the vote to John Kerrys 48.3%. Ultimately, this exercise leads us to believe that conventional wisdom - particularly that surrounding presidential elections and the economy - is not the strongest predictor of election outcomes.

Televisions Influence On The World †Sociology Essay

Televisions Influence On The World – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers Televisions Influence On The World Sociology Essay Television is not a new word in the 21st century, it has became a must-have electronic device for the majority of society. This invention has greatly influenced the world technology and society development. This essay aims to illustrate the technological development of television under different social background, as well as discussing the social and cultural changes that brought about by the incorporation of this particular media form. Firstly, in order to discuss deep into the influences brought by television, the brief history development of Television in both social and technological should be pointed out. The invention of television combined numbers of countries and individuals hard work through the history. According to Martin Clifford’s(1995) study about early television, in 1900 the word â€Å"television† has appeared. German Paul Nipkow developed a rotating-disc technology to transmit pictures over wire in 1884 called the Nipkow disk. This was the very first electromechanical TV scanning system. Nipkows system was abandoned early in the history of TV for the electronic systems developed by later inventors. In 1925 Scottish John Logie Baird has been considered as the father of television for his new invention. (Martin, Clifford 1995, Electronics Now, Vol. 66, Gernsback Publishing Inc.) Then the technology of television continuously developed, and also became widespread in Europe and America. However due to the war history, it was not as successfully developed as in the beginning. Becker argues that pre-World War Two was the wrong time for the television to take off as a domestic technology. He pointed out that: â€Å"Television was promoted as more than just a scientific development. Rather RCA tried very hard to emphasize its positive values. â€Å"(Becker, Ron Hear and See Radio in the World of Tomorrow: RCA and the presentation of television at the Worlds Fair, 1939-1940 in Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Oct 2001, v.2, issue 4, p.361) There were also Surveys taken at the time demonstrate an ambivalence of the audience towards television as well as skepticism by media commentators on its potential. It did not infiltrate successfully into the American home until the 1950s (Kato, Hidetoshi Chapter 13: Japan in Television: An International Histo ry, ed. Anthony Smith with Richard Paterson, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 169-181). Currently the main consideration about television technology is digitalized. All the information includes news, entertainment and knowledge can be shared simultaneously world-widely. Until now, there are still revolutions in the television industry. From the brief history above, we could understand that the development of television technology is closely related to the changing society environment. Hence secondary we would discuss the social and cultural changes brought about by the incorporation of this media form. In the last two hundred years, the invention of television has totally changed our day-to-day life. It is a multi-media form that combines visual, acoustical and psychological effects. Therefore television has become the most penetrating and widespread media form in the general media industry, and the influences brought by television are individually and collectively. Television has significant influences on individuals in both advantage and disadvantage ways. For example, it has become our chief means of obtaining information. There are general information such as weather report, stock prices, world news and entertainment information. Because of television, the world has become much smaller and things and people that used to be strangers are now familiar to us. Hence, audiences are thousands of times more informed than our ancestors, individuals are trained and thought in a multilayered way by sharing instant information. The sharing of simultaneous information using television would also have great impact on social behavior. Studies carried by Stanford University pointed out that: â€Å"Television is a medium that we take for granted as part of everyday life. We usually get caught up and involved in the programs we watch and the medium itself merges into the background.†(Stanford University Press, 1994. pp. 107-143) The self-involving effect has made television become a tool to interact and learn from the society, it also become education tool for younger generation. It is argued that there could be inappropriate information received by certain generation such as violence, terror and erotic. These negative influences may alter the social behavior, and cause disadvantages such as increasing teenager crime and school violence. Looking at the influences on individual and society, we could further argue that television has such significant power that it will eventually affect a country’s domestic culture. In an advantage way, the society may develop into a more civilized and harmonic way. However there could be disadvantages. For example, it could not be denied that the over-spreaded America information through television has potentially influenced world cultures. For example, when we are watching popular America soap operas, we are receiving the American culture, thinking and habitudes. Then we may alter our thinking in the American way in our real day-to-day life, and if we look at it in a radical way, collectively the whole society has a potential becoming same as the American society, while losing its own domestic culture. Hence television would influence the individual and society in both good and bad aspects, it depends on how the information is shared and controlled by individual, families and government. In conclusion, television has become part our life. It has gone through many years of development in technology and it is still improving. As one most popular media form, television has influenced individual and society in lifestyle, habitudes and culture. It is critical that we receive the information and manipulate it properly, to use the media form as an advanced tool, and consequently benefit the daily life. Part 02: New Media-Theory and Practice In this section there would be illustrating the understanding of new media concepts based on medium, cultural interfaces and screen. The section would also include how the theory is examined and practiced in the final assignment. Firstly it would be necessary to introduce the background of my main theme in the assignment. It is required that we make a multimedia educational work. Since I am in a foreign country, I would like to create a project that would help the foreign audiences to get some information about my own country and my hometown. This program would provide a glance of how China looks like and what is special about Chinese culture. It would also help the audiences to learn some common conversation in Chinese. Secondary, after decided the theme and purpose of the project, I will have to make a decision about interface. There are two related new media concepts while I studying how to create an interface. Interface is created on screen and it is communicated and interacted on screen too. According to Manovich’s (2001) study, the idea â€Å"Screen† has become an idea of Visual culture framing, it will frame what the audience see as well as separate the audience from the virtual world behind the screen. Although the physical size of a screen is small, it would create enormous contents. The screen is a communication device that delivers enjoyment, happiness, success, sadness, anger and ambitions. It is a boundary set up by individuals to divided apart appropriate or inappropriate behavior. It is an educational tool that teaches the audience all the time without being noticed or nominated. Hence, after reading the new theory about screen in current media industry, I realize how imp ortant the device is and how further it has gone beyond the simple word â€Å"tool†. If the screen is communicating culture information, it becomes the cultured itself to the audiences. It is the technology development that allows us to use the screen in an interactive way, and to further involving us into the virtual reality world behind it. Then the actual interface would concern about the direct interaction between the screen and the audience. Most of information communicated by computer screen is designed as a website style, with many buttons and some text illustration link to the button. However, according to Anne (2002): â€Å" while engineers strive to maintain the illusion of transparency in the design and refinement of media technologies, artists explore the meaning of he interface itself, using various transformations of the medias their palette.† (Cranny-Francis. Anne, 2000, pp23- 27) After reading her statement, I realized that the purely website style interface only aims to includes certain computer technology in it, it has no designed feature for particular audiences group for particular screen functions. Following the concepts and discussions about television that I have done in the pervious part, I realized that such an educational theme project would be best done by using an interface as television . It would draw audiences’ attention. Additionally, the audiences would subconsciously treat the computer screen into television screen, and would then subliminally realize it is an educational program rather than a computer flash game. Finally we have to think about how the actual content would displayed on the screen in this particular interface. There were studies by Bolter (1999) and others pointed out that such content would be defined as â€Å"Hypermedia†. Bolter illustrated that the term Hypermedia could be characterized by its multiplicity and the ability to bring a combination of all media communication mediums, such as images, sound, text, animation and video. (Bolter, Jay and Grusin, Richard. 1999. pp21- 50) The content of the project in the interface would also be a hypermedia. It is designed as a television screen, having three to four channels. These channels are buttons which links to different sub-contents. These include â€Å"discovery China†, which will introduce the natural conditions and social customs of China; â€Å"Music Channel† which will introduce traditional Chinese music culture. There would also be a channel called â€Å"Let’s speak Chinese†, which would include a educational game about listening, writing and speaking simple Chinese. The advantage of using interactive game is it combines uses of visual, acoustic and writing. It would draw audiences’ attention by its interesting interface, and the game would make the audiences experience successes. Here would be pictures and related Chinese pronunciations first, then after a few words there would be random pictures appears for the audiences to choose the right related pronunciations. It is a play-as-you-learn idea. Conclusion After reading the New Media Block course material (weeks 6- 9), I had a deeper and more solid understand of how the new concepts of media terms work in practical projects. Also by combining the concepts and the researching in television, it is clear that such fast developing media form would greatly influence individual as well as the whole society. It is critical to use the theory and the media form as a tool to create better and more advanced media form that would mostly benefit the mankind. References: Bolter, Jay and Grusin, Richard. Immediacy, Hypermediacy and Remediation Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 1999. pp. 21-50. Kato, Hidetoshi Chapter 13: Japan in Television: An International History, ed. Anthony Smith with Richard Paterson, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 169-181. Becker, Ron Hear and See Radio in the World of Tomorrow: RCA and the presentation of television at the Worlds Fair, 1939-1940 in Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Oct 2001, v.2, issue 4, p.361 Hilf, Bill Media Lullabies: The Reinvention of the World Wide Web. In online jopurnal, First Monday. Viewed on 13/09/2005 http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue3_4/hilf/index.html Manovich, Lev. The Screen and the User from Chapter 2: The Language of Cultural Interfaces. In Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001 pp. 94-115 Cranny-Francis, Anne. The Anatomy of a Website: Exploring Multimedia Literacy. Information Technology, Education and Society. Vol 1, No.1. 2000. pp.23-27. 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