Evidence Based Practice Professional Competencies

Questions: 1. Comparing the health care concerns of San Francisco population to the rest of the general population in the United States.2. Describing epidemiological concepts, data analysis methods, tools and databases used in research studies related to health concerns for a vulnerable population.3. Explaining the factors that affect health promotion and disease prevention for vulnerable population.4. Health care initiatives used in organizations to address cardiovascular diseases vulnerability in Black/African American population.5. Recommending evidence-based health care initiatives for specific healthcare concerns of vulnerable population. Answers: Introduction The development of research skills, professional competencies, evidence-based nursing practice and effective communication skill is a compulsory requirement of contemporary nursing practice. These qualities help a nursing professional to provide evidence-based care to vulnerable. Therefore, evidence-based research practice is performed in the following assessment to execute these skills in the profession. As a nursing team representative, learner works to determine the healthcare concerns of San Francisco population identified from previous research work. This review study, analysis maximum possible research sources to perform evidence-based practice. The vulnerable population identified as per San Francisco epidemiology statistics are elderly American-African having a major health concern of cardiovascular diseases in San Francisco region that majorly affects their quality of life. 1. Boutaugh et al. (2014) from these key findings of CHSA, author detected that Black/African American are the most vulnerable ethnic group in San Francisco where infant mortality (5%), homicide death (2%), premature mortality (10%) and cardiovascular attacks (35%) are very high in this group compared to other ethnic groups in San Francisco. However, among the general population of Unites States, the Black/African American are considered most suffered ethnic group in terms of health concerns. But, 39% of African Americans population in San Francisco remain vulnerable to health defects like stroke, asthma, diabetes and heart failure. However, only 15% of total African Americans in the United States remain vulnerable to health defects. More than 50% overall vulnerable Black/African Americans of Unites States reside in San Francisco out of which 20% deaths are due to cardiovascular attacks and diseases in this vulnerable population. The research of Braveman et al. (2010) as per quantitative survey on American-Africans population analysis indicated that more than 70% of older adults, 30% minority, 43% immigrants and 67% low-income population in San Francisco have limited health literacy making them part of the vulnerable population. The rate of health vulnerability in these four groups of San Francisco remains very high when compared to the general population of United States. This research was performed using 150 indicators over 10 board categories of population health analysis. The quantitative survey technique was employed from 2009 to 2010. Further, National Center for Health Statistics (2015) surveyed among 100,000 populations by race/ethnicity in 2004-2007 that Black African/American persist highest death rate in San Francisco in comparison to the overall United States. The annual rate of Black population injuries and death in San Francisco is 1,239 from overall 100,000 residents. 2. In the research of Boutaugh et al. (2014), a complete literature study was performed using the databases from The San Francisco Department of Public Health CHSA project. This research was particular based on data analysis of the Community Health Status Assessment (CHSA) project where secondary data from local, state and national sources was collected to establish key finding regarding San Francisco health status. Braveman et al. (2010) used the toll of quantitative research and performed statistical data analysis based on 150 indicators to determine the healthcare impact on the target population. However, limited sample size remains a fault in this research (Community Health Status Assessment: City and County of San Francisco, 2016). Further, National Center for Health Statistics (2015) survey used quantitative data collection method for survey tool to detect the annual rate of injuries and mortality in San Francisco. The research tool used in this survey was the Annual rate calculated as per SWITRS data from applied geographic locations. 3. There are social, economic, personal and financial factors that affect the overall health promotion and disease prevention rate of the healthcare system. This section determined these factors that negatively affects the health promotion and disease prevention in the above-detected vulnerable population that are Black/American Africans mostly vulnerable to the cardiovascular health condition. According to Boutaugh et al. (2014), studies on the factors related to the highest cardiovascular death rate of Blacks/African Americans in San Francisco clearly indicates that high poverty, lower education and more single-headed households are factors for this condition of vulnerable Blacks/Africans in San Francisco. These factors restrict the disease prevention for the vulnerable population. Further, Braveman et al. (2010) studied that 24% of immigrants adults are not able to speak English leading to higher risk of poor health outcomes as well as the limited approach to healthcare facilities. The minority population face the issue of limited cultural competence in the health care system leading to negative impact on patient experience and health deliveries in San Francisco. According to National Center for Health Statistics (2015) studies the cultural beliefs of traditional Africans like consuming their traditional food in American climate, not accepting contemporary treatment processes and dependency on alternative medication are some of the factors that contribute to cardiovascular dysfunctionality being major cause of 50% cardiovascular attacks in this vulnerable population (Perez Luquis, 2014). The diseases leading to mortality like stroke, ischemic heart disease, pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD etc. is present more in older population compared to younger adults. Therefore, increased age is another factor that affects disease prevention for the vulnerable population. The treatment options for these critical diseases or conditions are not workable in higher ages of life (Community Health Status Assessment: City and County of San Francisco, 2016). 4. The vulnerable population of Black/American African basically confront cardiovascular attacks and diseases as their major health concern leading to harnessed quality of life. To address this issue in vulnerable population various initiatives are followed by different organizations in San Francisco. One initiative was provided by Braveman et al. (2010) involves Improve physical activity and healthy eating program to let the vulnerable community understand the importance of healthy eating habits and active quality life leading to lower access to healthcare. This, in turn, will help to improve their on-going fatal conditions. This health initiative cannot prevent the vulnerability conditions like cardiovascular attacks but can surely increase the life expectancy, control their cultural barriers and improve the quality of life. Another initiative taken by one organization as per instruction of City and County of San Francisco is to provide separate support care providers for Black/American Africans in their organization. This initiative helped to improve the health promotion activities for this specific group. It also helped vulnerable people to trust the healthcare process in San Francisco (Perez Luquis, 2014). Gostin, Lucey Phelan (2014) studied about the initiative of Awareness program implemented in one of the private hospitals of San Francisco. This awareness program was for minority and ethnical groups that persist very less health literacy. Therefore, this awareness program provided health literacy regarding major health issues like heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular defects. 5. As per learners viewpoint, the implementation of health awareness program regarding cardiovascular diseases would work as an effective recommendation to control the hazards of cardiovascular attacks as well as improve the quality of life. This initiative will help to control factors like lacking health literacy, cultural barriers and lack of approach to healthcare facilities that are contributing to cardiovascular conditions in the vulnerable population. The Black African Americans will understand the drawbacks of this major health concern in their life and will work to implemented healthcare practices for getting control over cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this initiative would work in a positive manner to control major health concern of cardiovascular disease in vulnerable Black/African Americans in San Francisco (Beadle Graham, 2011). Conclusion As per this evidence-based research study, the major vulnerable population in San Francisco are Black/African Americans involving older adults, minority, immigrants and the low-income population that face more cardiovascular problems and diseases when compared to the overall population of United States. Further, the factors affecting cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention in San Francisco are high poverty, low education and single-headed household in Blacks/Africans. Further, factors like cultural incompetency, language barriers and lacking health literacy develop restriction to healthcare access in San Francisco. Lastly, the recommendation of health awareness program regarding cardiovascular disease healthcare initiative from evidence sources in the study can surely work to overcome these aspects of vulnerable population in San Francisco to provide effective healthcare system. References Books Perez, M. A., Luquis, R. R. (Eds.). (2014). Cultural competence in health education and health promotion (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Journals Beadle, M. R., Graham, G. N. (2011). Collective action to end health disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 101(S1), S16S18. Boutaugh, M. L., Jenkins, S. M., Kulinski, K. P., Lorig, K. R., Ory, M. G., Smith, M. L. (2014). Closing the disparity gap: The work of the administration on aging. Generations, 38(4), 107118 Braveman, P. A., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., Pamuk, E. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us.American journal of public health,100(S1), S186-S196. Gostin, L. O., Lucey, D., Phelan, A. (2014). The Ebola epidemic: a global health emergency.Jama,312(11), 1095-1096. National Center for Health Statistics (2015) Health, United States, 2014: With special feature on adults aged 5564. Websites Community Health Status Assessment: City and County of San Francisco (2016). Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.cdph.ca.gov/data/informatics/Documents/San%20Francisco%20CHSA_10%2016%2012.pdf